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 Thursday, November 19, 2009

Nothing Less Than Victory

By Diana Hsieh @ 5:00 AM

Check out the endorsement John Lewis has gotten from Victor Davis Hanson for his soon-forthcoming book, Nothing Less than Victory:
John David Lewis has offered a superb appraisal of how ancient and modern wars start and finish. This chronicle of some 2,500 years of Western history is replete with a philosophical analysis of why nations fight, win--and lose. His insights and conclusions are original and fearless--as well as timely and welcome in the confused war-making of the present age."

-- Victor Davis Hanson, author of Carnage and Culture
If you haven't yet heard about the book, here's the description from John Lewis' web site:
The goal of a war is to defeat an enemy's will to fight. But how this can be accomplished is a thorny issue. Nothing Less than Victory provocatively shows that aggressive, strategic military offenses can win wars and establish lasting peace, while defensive maneuvers have often led to prolonged carnage, indecision, and stalemate. Taking an ambitious and sweeping look at six major wars, from antiquity to World War II, John David Lewis shows how victorious military commanders have achieved long-term peace by identifying the core of the enemy's ideological, political, and social support for a war, fiercely striking at this objective, and demanding that the enemy acknowledges its defeat.

Lewis examines the Greco-Persian and Theban wars, the Second Punic War, Aurelian's wars to reunify Rome, the American Civil War, and the Second World War. He considers successful examples of overwhelming force, such as the Greek mutilation of Xerxes' army and navy, the Theban-led invasion of the Spartan homeland, and Hannibal's attack against Italy--as well as failed tactics of defense, including Fabius's policy of delay, McClellan's retreat from Richmond, and Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler. Lewis shows that a war's endurance rests in each side's reasoning, moral purpose, and commitment to fight, and why an effectively aimed, well-planned, and quickly executed offense can end a conflict and create the conditions needed for long-term peace.

Recognizing the human motivations behind military conflicts, Nothing Less than Victory makes a powerful case for offensive actions in pursuit of peace.

John David Lewis is visiting associate professor of philosophy, politics, and economics at Duke University, and senior research scholar in history and classics at the Social Philosophy and Policy Center at Bowling Green State University. He is the author of Solon the Thinker: Political Thought in Archaic Athens and Early Greek Lawgivers.
The book is due out in March. On the advice of John Lewis, I recommend that you order the book from the Ayn Rand Bookstore. The publisher will take note of even a few dozen copies sold from that source.

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 Comments

Thursday, November 19, 2009 at 10:52:44 mst
Comment ID: #1
Name: Galileo Blogs
E-mail: rayniles(at)rcniles.com
URL: http://galileoblogs.blogspot.com

This is how history should be done. Study the past to identify the principles that we can apply to the present. I cannot think of a more important subject for our present age than the one that Dr. Lewis has chosen. I look forward to reading it, and I hope it receives a wide audience.


Thursday, November 19, 2009 at 13:16:29 mst
Comment ID: #2
Name: madmax

I can't wait to see what Dr. Lewis has to say about Scipio Africanus who was one of the greatest generals ever and single handedly saved Rome from Hannibal.


Thursday, November 19, 2009 at 13:26:33 mst
Comment ID: #3
Name: C Andrew
E-mail: ca4papen(at)mindspring.com

madmax,

So that's why the Roman Senate didn't end up as a side dish with fava beans and a nice chianti...


Thursday, November 19, 2009 at 14:03:12 mst
Comment ID: #4
Name: madmax

"So that's why the Roman Senate didn't end up as a side dish with fava beans and a nice chianti..."

Heh.

Seriously though. There is renewed interest in Africanus recently. War historian Richard Gabriel wrote an excellent book on him called 'Scipio Africaus: Rome's Greatest General'. The title tells you what Gabriel thinks about him. Lewis himself has praised Scipio highly in past lectures. Up until recently all the scholarship that existed in English on Scipio was B.H. Liddell Hart's entertaining book 'Scipio Africanus Greater Than Napolean.' But that book didn't have the highest degree of scholarship. So for us Scipio fans Dr. Lewis' book is big news.

I would love to see a 'Lord of the Rings' type movie treatment of the 2nd Punic War that glorified Scipio but Hollywood is incapable of that today. Scipio was a straight, white European male that fought for the liberty of his people. Hollywood would have nothing good to say about him and probably portray him as a homicidal maniac. But Dr. Lewis on the other hand will show the greatness of the man.


Thursday, November 19, 2009 at 17:54:35 mst
Comment ID: #5
Name: C Andrew
E-mail: ca4papen(at)mindspring.com

I remember reading B.H. Liddel Hart's 'History of World War II' when I was in 6th grade. I haven't re-read it but I do have it in my library. Would you consider his work on Scipio to be worth the read?

The only other time I've heard him mentioned was in the "historical re-enactment" from the movie 'Gladiator.' I rather gathered that the outcome presented there was not historically accurate.

The histories that I've read tend to focus on Hannibal's feat in getting elephants over the Alps. And to point out the literal dead-end of a people agreeing to disarmament. The destruction of Carthage has always been a cautionary tale to me.

My (admittedly limited) understanding of the history was that the Punic wars represented the triumph of a military republic over an essentially commercial regime. Is that a fair characterization?


Thursday, November 19, 2009 at 20:03:56 mst
Comment ID: #6
Name: Ryan M

For those who are not aware, Lewis gave a great speech related to this topic for the ARI Lecture Series called "The Failure of the Homeland Defense: The Lessons from History". It's because of that speech that I'm interested in this book.


Thursday, November 19, 2009 at 21:20:22 mst
Comment ID: #7
Name: John David Lewis
E-mail: classicalideals(at)yahoo.com
URL: http://johndavidlewis.com

Thanks for posting this, Diana!

On Rome and Carthage: there have been many books on Hannibal, and indeed the Second Punic War was called, from ancient times, "Hannibal's War." According to Polybius, it was the valor of the Romans, and the steadfastness of Rome's constitution, which allowed Rome to defeat Carthage. Certainly Rome's position on Italy was based more on Rome's political strength than was Carthage's position. Carthage was indeed a trading empire--but we should not forget Carthage's links to the ancient near east, through its mother-city Tyre, and the influence of Tyrean religion on the Carthaginians. They crucified their defeated generals, and they certainly used religion to motivate their armies. But, who didn't?

I recommend reading Polybius himself--especially books 1 (on the First Punic War), 3 (on the Second Punic War) and 6 (on the Roman constitution) for an astute analysis. He is not neutral--he was attached to the Scipio family, and he goes to great length to discredit the supporters of the Fabius family, including the rival historian Fabius Pictor--but he is the essential starting point. There is a Penguin edition: Polybius, The Rise of the Roman Empire.

I reviewed the Gabriel book on Scipio: Scipio Africanus: Rome’s Greatest General (Washington: Potomac, 2008), for Michigan War Studies Review 2009.01.01. Here is the link: http://www.michiganwarstudiesreview.com/2009/20090101.asp


Friday, November 20, 2009 at 10:17:57 mst
Comment ID: #8
Name: Sajid

"Hollywood would have nothing good to say about him and probably portray him as a homicidal maniac."

Really? Like William Wallace, Achilles, Hector, Leonidas, Benjamin Martin? I am sure there are many more. In fact it is really difficult to find a Hollywood movie with a historical non-white, non-European hero. Not that there is anything wrong with that either way.

A heroic Scipio Africanus script about the Punic wars would actually make for a great movie indeed and if anyone wrote a good script on him my guess is it would be snapped up by Hollywood in no time.


Friday, November 20, 2009 at 20:41:12 mst
Comment ID: #9
Name: madmax

Sajid,

Fair enough. But all the movies you mentioned had many philosophic flaws. Scipio stands for a non-altruistic, non-Just-War-Theory approach to war. It is impossible, given the dominant culture, to do him justice today. But I think you're right that some better than average movie could be made of the 2nd Punic War. And the battle scenes are just screaming for a '300' style treatment.


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